Electric vehicles in Uganda: A personal and national journey to sustainability

As Uganda grapples with mounting environmental challenges, the shift to electric vehicles (EVs) represents both a national imperative and a personal opportunity for sustainable transportation.

With recent data showing vehicle emissions contributing to 42 percent of urban air pollution in Uganda, the case for electric mobility has never been stronger – starting with electric bikes and progressing to cars.

For many Ugandans, like myself, beginning with an electric bike offers an affordable entry into electric mobility. E-bikes cost roughly Shs2-4 million, compared to conventional motorcycles costing Shs4-7 million, with significantly lower operating costs. Research from the Uganda Electric Vehicle Association shows that e-bike users save approximately Shs150,000 monthly on fuel and maintenance, with batteries lasting 3-4 years under typical usage.

The environmental impact is equally compelling: each e-bike prevents approximately 2.5 tons of carbon emissions annually compared to conventional motorcycles. This makes e-bikes not just economically wise but environmentally responsible – perfect for urban professionals planning their transition to full electric mobility.

My plan to combine an electric vehicle with solar roofing represents the future of sustainable transportation in Uganda. Studies by the Ministry of Energy show that a typical 5kW solar roof installation can generate enough power to charge both an e-bike and an electric car, potentially saving homeowners Shs500,000-700,000 monthly in energy costs while ensuring energy independence.

While the initial investment in an electric car may be higher, the long-term economics are compelling. Recent analysis from Kiira Motors shows that electric vehicle owners save up to 70 percent on operating costs compared to conventional vehicles.

With Uganda's electricity rates among the lowest in East Africa at Shs250-750 per kWh, charging an electric car costs approximately Shs15,000-20,000 for 300km of range – significantly less than the Shs100,000+ required for fossil fuel vehicles covering the same distance.

Uganda's charging infrastructure is expanding rapidly. Beyond the planned 50 charging stations by 2025, private sector initiatives are installing solar-powered charging points at shopping centres, offices, and residential complexes. The Uganda Electricity Generation Company reports that current hydroelectric capacity expansion projects will support up to 200,000 EVs by 2026, making now the perfect time to plan for electric vehicle ownership.

The health implications are staggering: World Health Organization data shows that Kampala's air pollution levels exceed safe limits by 300 percent, contributing to respiratory diseases that cost the healthcare system Shs45 billion annually. Electric mobility offers a direct solution: a single electric car reduces carbon emissions by 4.6 tons yearly compared to petrol vehicles.

For individuals like myself transitioning from e-bikes to electric cars, the path is clear. The government's recent 50 percent reduction in import duties for EVs, combined with growing charging infrastructure and local manufacturing capabilities, makes electric mobility increasingly accessible. By 2030, Uganda could prevent 1.5 million tons of CO2 emissions through EV adoption, with early adopters leading the way.

The journey from electric bikes to cars, powered by renewable energy, represents more than personal transportation choices – it's a commitment to Uganda's sustainable future. As we build our homes with solar roofs and choose electric vehicles, we're not just saving money; we're investing in cleaner air, better health, and a more sustainable Uganda for generations to come.

Dean Natukunda, [email protected]