Reduce prison population to protect officers, detainees

Response
The government has developed and carried out a robust response by prioritising handwashing facilities and encouraging individuals to self-isolate as a key part of tackling the virus as there is a particularly higher likelihood of the virus spreading rapidly when individuals are in close proximity.

Particularly relating to prisons, the Uganda Prisons Service has halted visits to prisoners from members of the public, which in our opinion, does not in any way address the issue of crowding within the prisons. As of September 2018, the occupancy rate within Uganda prisons stood at 315.4 per cent. The Chief Justice has also issued a practice direction limiting open court hearing and emphasising the use of information and communications technology (ICT) to the extent possible.

The signatories to this statement are concerned that official government statements and actions, including the practice direction issued by the Judiciary, have omitted to address the issue that prisons and police cells are high-risk environments for transmission.

The government also needs to bear in mind that since the staff-to-prisoner ratio is estimated at one staff to seven prisoners; as the situation escalates and restrictive measures are imposed, there is a high risk that this will cause tensions and instability in prisons across the country.

Prisoners are aware and/or will learn of the risks associated with Covid-19. With the threat of rising tensions and possible restrictions, the low staff-to-prisoner ratio will put a severe strain on the management of prisons as officers will face unprecedented challenges.

Riots
In Colombia and Italy, riots have erupted in prisons which resulted in several deaths amid fears that the virus would spread, and health services would be unable to cope in overcrowded spaces. Steps to cut back the prison population are essential in order to respect detainees’ human rights and ensure their access to adequate healthcare. These steps would reduce the likelihood of an outbreak and would improve prison staff’s ability to address potential unrest.

The signatories are concerned about individual’s access to justice as the threat of Covid-19 will affect lawyers/advocates from accessing prisons, which would question the legality of detention. While we appreciate the effort to protect officers of the court, the signatories also note with concern that some measures are likely to restrict or violate constitutional rights of the detained population.

In particular, the suspension of the presentation to court of prisoners and remandees will result in violations of the 48 hours rule and the mandatory right to bail (Article 23).

Although the Inspector General of Police has ordered for the release of all suspects of minor offences from police cells, which is a commendable effort, we still find a gap in relation to suspects who may not fall under the category of minor offences, yet may risk unlawful detention due to the restriction in the directive.

With Covid-19 threatening every country in the world, and Uganda’s unique position to implement lessons learned in the interest of public health, the signatories of this statement urge the Ugandan government to take sufficient steps to immediately reduce the prison population in order to alleviate tensions and protect custody officers, healthcare staff, detainees, prisoners and preserve the health of all Ugandans.

Violation of rights

Failure to act in this context goes in direct violation of detainees’ human rights. Additionally, we are concerned that this will provoke instability and lead to a preventable spread of the virus and consequently, to a significant number of deaths.
The signatories strongly recommend that the government put in place the following measures:

1. The release of detainees who are nearing the end of their sentences, detainees charged with petty crimes as well as those in the age group at risk or with pre-existing health conditions and whose detention is no longer justified.

2. Release unlawfully detained prisoners, including those detained beyond 48 hours and those who have clocked mandatory bail.

3. In dialogue with judicial and administrative actors, take steps to suspend the use of pre-trial detention and police custody, as well as release, without bail, detainees prosecuted for minor offences that are punishable by sentences of less than two years’ imprisonment.

4. In consultation with the competent judicial authorities, grant conditional release to convicted prisoners who comply with the procedural conditions.
5. Tighten the monitoring of the sterilisation of prison units and increase the capacity for diagnosis and medical monitoring within prisons, as requested by the World Health Organization.

6. Implement alternatives for prisoners to contact their relatives such as communication at a distance, behind glass or by videoconference, where possible.
7. Organise conditions for the continuity of legal assistance provision to detainees to ensure compliance with international law, the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights and the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners.

Some of the recommendations

1. The release of detainees who are nearing the end of their sentences.
2. Release unlawfully detained prisoners.
3. Suspend the use of pre-trial detention and police custody.
4. Grant conditional release to convicted prisoners who comply with procedural conditions.
5. Tighten monitoring of the sterilisation of prison units.

The signatories of this statement include; Avocats Sans Frontières, Chapter Four, Legal Aid Service Providers Network, Muslim Centre for Justice and Law and National Coalition of Human Rights Defenders