Facebook: From Harvard dorm to global phenomenon

Key chapters in the history of Facebook, the world's biggest social media application, which marks the tenth anniversary on Wednesday of its stock market debut.

In the beginning 

In 2003, 19-year-old Harvard computer whiz Mark Zuckerberg begins working out of his dormitory room on an online network aimed initially at connecting Harvard students.

The following year he launched thefacebook.com with three Harvard roommates and classmates: Chris Hughes, Eduardo Saverin and Dustin Moskovitz.

As membership is opened up to other colleges around North America, Zuckerberg quits his studies and moves to Silicon Valley.

The new company receives its first investment from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, who stumps up $500,000, and officially changes its name to Facebook in 2005.

Not for sale 

In 2006, US media conglomerate Viacom and Yahoo make separate plays for Facebook, but both are turned down.

Microsoft takes a $240 million stake in the company a year later, by which time Facebook has 50 million users.

That year sees Zuckerberg admitting to privacy-related "mistakes" for the first time, over an ad platform called Beacon that tracked purchases made by Facebook members and let their friends know what they had bought.

In 2008, the platform topples MySpace to become the world's most popular social networking website and launches its first mobile app the following year.

Protest platform 

David Fincher's story of the origins of Facebook, "The Social Network," hits movie theaters in 2010 and wins Oscars for best adapted screenplay, original score and film editing.

Time magazine that year names Zuckerberg as Person of the Year for "transforming the way we live our lives every day."

As membership rockets, Facebook plays a growing role in shaping public debate.

In 2011, the platform plays a key role in giving a voice to disillusioned Arab youth in the Arab Spring of revolts that began that year in Tunisia.

Stock market entry 

In 2012, Facebook snaps up photograph-sharing app Instagram for $1 billion and files for an initial public offering. 

The biggest IPO ever in the tech sector raises some $16 billion and values the company at $104 billion. 

A hoodie-clad Zuckerberg remotely rings the Nasdaq bell from Facebook's California headquarters on the first day of trading.

By October 2012, Facebook's membership has topped one billion.

Social media conglomerate 

In 2014, Facebook pays a small fortune to try boost its popularity among younger smartphone users by buying messaging platform WhatsApp in a cash and stock deal valued at $19 billion.

As it continues moving up in the world, it moves into new Frank Gehry-designed headquarters in Silicon Valley, with a rooftop park and "the largest open floor plan in the world."

Congressional grilling 

In 2016, Facebook is embroiled in controversy over Russia's alleged use of it and other social media platforms to try influence the outcome of the election that brought Donald Trump to the White House.

In 2018, Facebook is again at the center of scandal after it emerges that British consulting firm Cambridge Analytica stealthily harvested the personal data of millions of Facebook users and used it for political purposes, including trying to rally support for Trump.

Zuckerberg is grilled in the US Congress over Facebook's handling of user data and the way the network is being manipulated to undermine democracy.

The Facebook boss vows to do more to combat fake news, foreign interference in elections and hate speech and to tighten data privacy.

From Facebook to Meta 

In 2021, Zuckerberg announces that Facebook has changed its company name to Meta -- Greek for "beyond" but also meaning the metaverse -- the virtual world which he sees as representing the future of the internet.

On February 3, 2022, the company's share price plunges, wiping more than $200 billion off its market value after it warns of slowing revenue growth.

As young users increasingly desert it for the likes of TikTok or Snapchat, the company admits to losing a million active daily users. But with 1.96 billion users, one- quarter of the globe's population it remains the biggest social media platform.