Signs of a breakup can often be found in everyday conversations

In a recently published study, it was discovered that people’s language subtly changes in the months and weeks leading up to a breakup, well before they have made a conscious decision to end things.

Mining Reddit for cracks

Breakups are difficult to research. They unfold over weeks, months, even years. To truly understand the dynamics of a breakup, researchers should, ideally, be able to track people’s lives before, during and after the breakup takes place.

Historically, this has not been feasible. But the study of long-term relationships is beginning to change with the advent of social media platforms such as X, Facebook and Reddit. An increasing number of people are now chronicling their daily lives on these platforms, which allows researchers to look at how people cope with upheavals such as breakups both before and after the event. The analysis of people’s daily language can reveal information about their shifting emotions, thinking styles and connections with others.

One popular social media platform, Reddit, has designed an online infrastructure that mirrors the way we socialise in real life.

There are hundreds of thousands of communities, known as subreddits, geared to different interests, from tennis and politics, to gaming and knitting. This allows like-minded people to hang out, chat about their interests and ask for advice.

Researchers studied a community called r/BreakUps/, where people discuss the dissolution of their relationships. They identified a group of 6,803 people who had posted about their breakups and tracked their posts up to a year before and after they ended things. However, they did not just look at their posts on the r/Breakups subreddit, they tracked their words across all the subreddits they posted in during this time frame. Researchers wanted to see if there were signs of their impending breakup even when they were not directly talking about it.

Study results

After analysing more than one million posts, the researchers identified language markers that could detect an impending breakup up to three months before it took place. They also detected changes in people’s language that lasted up to six months after the event.

These changes were detectable even when people were not talking about their relationship. It could appear when the poster was discussing sports, cooking or travel. Even though these people did not necessarily know the end of the relationship was coming, it was already subtly influencing the way they communicated with others.

Worlds turned upside down

So how, exactly, does language change?

One big takeaway is that people tend to focus more on themselves, with increased use of “I”-words, as the breakup nears. This is common during a stressful life event, and other studies have shown an increase in self-referential language in people who are depressed or anxious.

At the same time, people’s language shows drops in analytic thinking processes, which are often associated with formal and logical thinking. Their language becomes more informal and personal. They make fewer references to concepts, which causes drops in the use of articles such as “the” and “a.” They aremore likely to talk about other people than ideas.

Around the time of the breakup, people also tend to reference their partner quite a bit, perhaps because they have yet to separate their identity from their partner. Afterwards, as people process their heartbreak, they begin to shift their focus to people who are supporting them during a difficult time.

People’s thought processes also experience drastic changes during the breakup. They begin to probe their understanding of the relationship as they try to figure out why it fell apart. This is typical of people trying to make sense of challenging life events, whether it is trauma or bereavement.

As time moves on, people begin to craft a coherent narrative about their breakup, which causes other more logical processes, the ones that deteriorate around the time of the breakup, to reactivate. When this happens, they’re ready to move on with the next chapter of their lives.

For most people in the study, it took about six months for their language to return to normal. Of course, grief is a lengthy process and it is natural to feel pangs and mourn for the loss of the relationship occasionally, even after that.

The fact that language analysis can detect subtle signs of a relationship being on the rocks means that clinicians; whether they are mental health professionals, therapists or psychologists, could have a powerful tool at their disposal.

For example, some people use phone apps to journal regularly. An app could automatically alert a user when their language is showing signs of extreme emotional distress and suggest resources or professional help.

This type of analysis is already being developed to detect and map other shifts in people’s lives, whether it is their participation in a protest movement or the early stages of a health condition, and will only keep getting better as technology advances.

AI and the future of dating

The prospect of people forming intimate relationships with chatbots raises numerous concerns. Privacy is one of the most pressing. But AI companions also have the potential to improve our lives.

Researchers at Stanford University surveyed 1,006 student users of Replika. They found that the overwhelming majority beliebecomes integrated into our everyday lives, we should not be afraid to allow it to lend us a hand.

This  story was first published by theconversation.com